Physiological Effects of Dietary Complex Carbohydrates and its Metabolites Role in Certain Diseases [Abstract] [Full Text]
Study on Pork Characteristics of Chinese Wuzhishan Mini-Pig [Abstract] [Full Text]
Energy and Nutrients Intakes of Male and Female University Students [Abstract] [Full Text]
Rice Straw Losses and its Impact on Livestock Rearing in Bangladesh [Abstract] [Full Text]
Islamic Fasting: An Effective Strategy for Prevention and Control of Obesity [Abstract] [Full Text]
Physicochemical and Cooking Properties of Some Fine Rice Varieties [Abstract] [Full Text]
Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Female Sheep and Goats under Grazing Condition [Abstract] [Full Text]
Effect of Serum Albumin Level (at Admission) on the Overall Outcome of the Treatment of Childhood Standard Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [Abstract] [Full Text]
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Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 1 (4): 161-168, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Physiological Effects of Dietary Complex Carbohydrates and its
Metabolites Role in Certain Diseases
M. Muzaffar Ali Khan Khattak
Department of Human Nutrition, NWFP, Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan
E-mail: mkbiol@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Carbohydrate is one of the basic and an important food nutrient consumed worldwide. Like-wise Pakistani foods contain more carbohydrates than any other food nutrient consumed. Sometimes, Pakistani foods are devoid of protein and may contain only carbohydrates and fats as the major nutrients of the diet e.g. eating chapati (wheat bread) with potato curry. Certain non-communicable diseases can be avoided with adoption of proper healthier food habits and eating foods according to the needs of the body. These diseases are obesity, coronary heart disease, colonic cancer and gastrointestinal disorders (diverticular disease, constipation, hiatal hernia and hemorrhoids). Therefore complex carbohydrate should be an important constituent of our daily meal and it can be adopted for the management of certain diseases provided that it is used in proper amounts. Consumption of certain complex carbohydrates is associated with lower body weight, reduced blood cholesterol, reduced blood glucose and an increased crypt cell proliferation. Therefore, it is necessary and utmost important to know the various types of carbohydrates to enable us to decide to include carbohydrates in our daily food according to our health requirements. Not necessarily all the community need to know but at least those who are associated with nutrition and health management must know the beneficial as well as the harmful effects of carbohydrates.
Key Words: Complex carbohydrates, fibres, digestion, absorption, metabolites short chain fatty acids, diseases
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Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 1 (4): 169-173, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Study on Pork Characteristics of Chinese Wuzhishan Mini-Pig
Jun She Sun and Fei Lu*
Food Science College of China Agricultural University (East Campus)
*No. 398 China Agricultural University (East Campus), No.17 Qing Hua East Road
Beijing, P. R. China.
E-mail: lufeilufei611@yahoo.com
Abstract:
This research was conducted to evaluate the meat traits of Wuzhishan mini-pigs (WZSP). Young Xiang-pigs (XPs) and adult Beijing Black-pigs (BPs) were used as the control group of young and adult WZSPs respectively. Studies included evaluation of carcass properties, meat sensory character, edible quality and processing performance. The studies show the WZSP is of thin skin, low back-fat, high lean percentage and meat productivity. The results of meat quality analysis indicate the WZSP pork is of fresh meat color, good elasticity, less marbling, rich amino acid especially pre-flavor amino acid and low intra-muscular fat. Meanwhile, WZSP pork presents benign processing performance of low loose water percentage, low drip loss, and eminent bounding water capability.
Key Words: Wuzhishan mini-pig (WZSP), carcass property, sensory characteristics, edible quality, processing performance
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Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 1 (4): 174-178, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Energy and Nutrients Intakes of Male and Female University Students
M. Muzaffar Ali Khan Khattak, Alam Khan and M. Usman Khattak
Department of Human Nutrition, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan
E-mail: mkbiol@yahoo.com
Abstract:
Male and female students residing in the on campus hostels were explained the aim and importance of this study. Among the students registered were 30 male and 30 female who volunteered to participate in this study. The age range of the registered students was 22 – 26 years. On the day of the registration the age, height and weight were recorded and at the same time, they were given food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). They were asked to record alternately for three days whatever they ate during the prescribed week. Out of sixty students 51 (22 male and 29 female) returned the FFQs and the rest were excluded from the study. From the anthropometry, the weight and height for the given ages were compared with the international standards. From the FFQs the energy and nutrients intake was calculated using the food composition table for all students and compared with the recommended nutrients intakes (RNIs) reported by the FAO/WHO for the same age, height and weight. The total energy consumption was more in the female students than in the male students. Eighty two percent of the male and 21% of the female students had lower energy intake than their RNIs for energy. Eighty two percent of the male students had lower relative energy from protein and 91% had lower energy from carbohydrate intake than their respective RNIs. Similarly, in 48% of the female students had lower relative energy from protein and 76% had lower energy from carbohydrate intake than their respective RNIs. The relative contribution of energy from fat was higher in 95 % of the male and 97 % of the female students than their RNIs. The mean mineral intake was lower both for male and female students with the exception that the intake of P was more than the RNIs by 18.4 and 11.5 % for the male and female students respectively. The mean Fe intake was more than the RNIs by 37.3% in male students. Similarly, the vitamins intake was lower as well, both in male and female students with exception that they were having higher intake for vitamin A and C. Apart from these nutrients, all the students surveyed had lower dietary intake of fibre and cholesterol. This study indicates that the students are at the risk of specific nutrient deficiencies and the energy requirement is mainly met through dietary fat intake instead of carbohydrate.
Key Words: Energy, nutrients, intakes, anthropometry, nutritional status
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Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 1 (4): 179-184, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Rice Straw Losses and its Impact on Livestock Rearing in Bangladesh
1M. Al- Mamun, 2M. A. Akbar, 2M. Shahjalal and 3M. A. H. Pramanik
1,2Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University,
Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
3Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University,
Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
E-mail: mamun@royalten.net
Abstract:
The existing practice of storing rice straw, routes of straw losses and problems related to livestock rearing in rural areas were studied in four selected villages of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The base line information on storage system of rice straw and livestock rearing problems were collected through PRA technique using a pre-designed questionnaire. From the survey it was identified that majority of the farmers stored rice straw traditionally making stack on the ground in unroofed condition and that caused considerable damage and losses of straw resulting shortage in the availability of rice straw for animals. Farmers reported that straw is lost in three stages - during harvesting, processing and storage condition. Harvesting loss was accounted for about 8 and 10% for Boro and T. aus straw, respectively. In wet season 25 and 23% of Boro and T. aus straw respectively, was lost during processing. About 18-20% of straw was lost during storage, which was mainly due to earthen evaporated gas, rat, termites, anjona (a reptile pest), poultry birds and excessive rainfall. In case of storage of rice straw the single most common solution for many problems as recommended by the farmers was to improve storage system. It may be concluded from the above results that traditional storage method leads to significant loss of rice straw resulting in feed shortage and impaired livestock productivity.
Key Words: Rice straw, routes of straw losses, impact, livestock rearing
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Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 1(4) : 185-187, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Islamic Fasting: An Effective Strategy for Prevention and Control of Obesity
Alam Khan* and M. Muzaffar Ali Khan Khattak
Department of Human Nutrition, NWFP, Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan
Abstract:
A balanced and energy-restricted diet, exercise and behavior modification are the usual approaches used for obesity. Islamic fasting, which has the components of energy restriction and behavior modification, could be a safe nutritional approach for the prevention and treatment of obesity. For this reason, the effect of Islamic Fasting, an abstention from Foods, fluids and sex from dawn to sunset, on food intake, body weight and blood chemistry was studied in ten healthy adult male human subjects. Foods and Fluids intake before and in the first and fourth week of Fasting were recorded. Body weight of the participants was noted before and at the last day of Fasting. Blood samples before, in the second and fourth week of Fasting and two weeks after Fasting were collected. The daily reduction in energy (Food intake) ranged from 200-1500 Kcal with an average value of 857± 410 Kcal. During the four weeks of Fasting, loss in body weight ranged from 0.5-6.0 Kg with an average value of 3.2±1.7 Kg. There were no significant differences in glucose, total protein, triglyceride and total, HDL and LDL cholesterol in the blood samples collected before, during and after the Fasting. The data suggest that Islamic Fasting is nutritionally safe and could be used as an effective strategy for prevention and control of obesity
Key Words: Islamic Fasting, Safe Nutrition, Obesity
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Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 1 (4): 188-190, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Physicochemical and Cooking Properties of Some Fine Rice Varieties
S. S. Dipti1, S. T. Hossain2, M. N. Bari3 and K. A. Kabir1
1Grain Quality and Nutrition Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute,
Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
2Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute,
Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
3Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh
E-mail: enrecabd@bdonline.com
Abstract:
The experiment was conducted to know the Physico-chemical and cooking properties of six fine rice varieties. Among the varieties, milling and head rice out-turn ranges from 64 - 70% and 61 - 82%, respectively. The highest milling out-turn (70%) was found in the variety Superfast and lowest in Khazar. On the other hand, head rice out-turn was the highest (82%) in Khazar and lowest (61%) in Bashmati PNR. Grain length and breadth of the varieties ranges from 3.6 – 6.5 mm and 1.7 – 3.7 mm, respectively. The highest length (6.5 mm) was found in Khazar and the highest length-breadth ratio were found in Khazar and Superfast. Lowest grain length (3.6 mm) and length-breadth ratio (1.3) were found in Badshabhog and Bashmati 4488, respectively. Amylose content of the varieties ranges from 18.6 - 28.0% and the highest protein (8.6%) was found in BRRI dhan28 followed by Badshabhog and Superfast. All the varieties contain more or less standard rate (7%) of protein. Maximum cooking time (25 min.) were required in the variety of Bashmati 4488 and minimum (14.5 min.) in Badshabhog. Elongation and imbibition ratio were greater than 1.3 and 4.0 respectively in all the varieties except Khazar. Lowest elongation ratio (1.2) was found in Khazar.
Key Words: Rice (Oryza sativa L.), amylose, rice varieties, protein
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Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 1(4): 191-193, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Growth and Reproductive Performance of Female Sheep and Goats under Grazing Condition
H. M. Salim1, M. Shahjalal, A. M. M. Tareque and F. Kabir2
1Department of Livestock Services, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Animal Nutrition, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Abstract:
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of concentrate supplementation on growth and reproductive performance of female sheep and goats under grazing condition. Six females each of sheep and goats aged about 6 months and weighing on average 9.80 and 9.77 kg respectively were studied for 224 days. Goats and sheep were allocated to two feeding regimes in a 2x2 factorial experiment. Feeding of animals (sheep and goats) with concentrate supplement significantly (P<0.01) increased DM (477.7 vs. 253.0 g/d) intake compared with those of the control group. The higher intake of DM resulted in significantly (P<0.01) higher live weight gain in animals of supplemented group than those of control group. However, between sheep and goats significant difference was observed in live weight gain (P<0.01) and DM intake (P<0.05). The results showed that certain reproductive parameters such as age at puberty, gestation weight and kid birth weight may be improved by supplementary feeding of concentrate. Therefore, feeding of grazing goats and sheep with concentrate supplement may be suggested to optimize growth performance.
Key words: Sheep, goat, concentrate supplementation, growth, reproduction
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Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 1 (4): 194-195, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Effect of Serum Albumin Level (at Admission) on the Overall Outcome of the Treatment of Childhood Standard Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
N. Haider1, M. Ashraf, G. Naheed and P. Fouzia
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center,
Lahore, Pakistan,
1The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
E-mail: nasir.haider@aku.edu
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