INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
POULTRY SCIENCE |
| Volume 1 |
January - June 2002 |
Number 1-3 |
Claw Abrasives in Layer Cages - A Review [Abstract] [Full Text]
The Effects of Low Intensity Red Laser Irradiation on Hatching Eggs in Chicken and Quail [Abstract] [Full Text]
Use of Various Ratios of Extruded Fullfat Soybean Meal and Dehulled Solvent Extracted Soybean Meal in
Broiler Diets [Abstract] [Full Text]
Stability of Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate in the Presence of Pellet Binding Agents in
Poultry Feed [Abstract] [Full Text]
Evaluation of Lysine, Methionine and Threonine Needs of Broilers Three to Six Week of Age under Moderate Temperature Stress [Abstract] [Full Text]
Effect of Intermittent Feed Deprivation on Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Tibial Dyschondroplasia
in Broiler Chicks [Abstract] [Full Text]
Effect of Feeding Gliricidia Sepium Leaf Meal on the Performance and Egg Quality
of Layers [Abstract] [Full Text]
Azolla (Azolla pinnata) as a Feed Ingredient in Broiler Ration [Abstract] [Full Text]
Effect of Feeding Low Protein Diets on the Performance of Broiler During Hot-Humid Season [Abstract] [Full Text]
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International Journal of Poultry Science 1(1-3): 01-05, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Claw Abrasives in Layer Cages - A Review
P.C. Glatz
Pig and Poultry Production Institute, South Australian Research and Development Institute,
Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia 5371
Email:glatz.phil@saugov.sa.gov.au
Abstract:
A review was undertaken to obtain information on the range of claw abrasives which could be used in layer cages to keep claws of hens blunt. In Europe a council directive has been issued which requires that all layer cages be fitted with suitable claw shortening devices. Research in Europe on claw abrasives suggest that abrasives reduce claw length of hens, improves feather cover, lowers mortality and reduces the incidence of scratches and entrapment injuries. More recent trials in Australia showed that claw abrasives could result in mortality in hens from prolapse and cannibalism. A low-cost, non-invasive method by which the claws of caged layers can be kept short and blunt can be achieved by fitting 8 mm strips of abrasive tape on the egg guard. Bird's claws scrape against this tape while they are feeding. In Australia studies have shown that abrasive paint was more effective and more durable as a claw shortener than abrasive strips. The birds using the abrasive paint had the shortest claw length and lowest claw sharpness. Other work in Europe has shown that strips of sand fixed on the egg baffle with resin had a significant abrasive effect on the nails but by the end of the laying period large parts of the strip had been worn down. Claw shorteners have also been produced during cage manufacture by pressing a tread to make a perforated baffle. One of the most durable claw abrasives is a metal plate with abrasive iron filings. Other durable abrasives such as stone are also being tested for suitability as a claw abrasive.
Key Words: Laying hens, claw abrasives, declawing, mortality, production, bird condition
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International Journal of Poultry Science 1(1-3): 06-08, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
The Effects of Low Intensity Red Laser Irradiation on Hatching
Eggs in Chicken and Quail
I. Yakimenko, V. Besulin and A. Testik1
Bila Tserkva State Agrarian University, Ukraine
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
e-mail: atestik@mail.cu.edu.tr
Abstract:
Low intensity red (Lambda =633 nm) light was used on hatching poultry and quail eggs to determine its influence on embryonic and post-embryonic development. Certain regimens of hatching egg irradiation (p=0.1 mW/cm2, t=60 c) significantly increased hatching rates (3.66-4.05%, p<0.001) and decreased chick mortality (1.25-3.23%, p<0.05) for layer and broiler chickens compared to untreated controls (using industrial poultry farm conditions). Laser irradiation of hatching egg increased chick blood hemoglobin, changed (increased in embryo and decreased in postembryo period) liver peroxide levels and activated cytochrome P-450 enzyme system without adversely affecting liver energy metabolism.
Key words: Poultry, chicks, hatching eggs, low intensity laser light, embryo and postembryo development, hatch ability
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International Journal of Poultry Science 1 (1-3): 09-12, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Use of Various Ratios of Extruded Fullfat Soybean Meal and Dehulled Solvent
Extracted Soybean Meal in Broiler Diets
A.M.H. Subuh1, M.A. Motl, C.A. Fritts and P. W. Waldroup
1Al-Baath University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hama, Syria
Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Email: Waldroup@uark.edu
Abstract:
A study was conducted in which whole unextracted soybeans were processed by passing the beans through a roller mill and then extruding without steam. The processed beans were then included into nutritionally adequate broiler diets, replacing solvent extracted soybean meal in ratios of 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, and 0/100 % with dietary energy levels of 3200, 3300, and 3400 ME kcal/kg. This resulted in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement of treatments. Each treatment was fed to six replicate pens of 60 male chicks of a commercial broiler strain from 1 to 42 days of age. The results of the study demonstrate that the inclusion of extruded fullfat soybean in a pelleted broiler diet supported chick performance equal or superior to that of dehulled solvent extracted soybean meal, and that extruded soybeans could partially or completely replace soybean meal without any adverse effects on body weight, feed conversion, mortality, dressing percentage, or abdominal fat content provided the diets are nutritionally balanced.
Key words: Soybeans, broilers, unextracted soybeans
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International Journal of Poultry Science 1 (1-3): 13-15, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Stability of Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate in the Presence of Pellet
Binding Agents in Poultry Feed
P. W. Waldroup1, S. E. Watkins1, J. T. Skinner2 and A. D. Desai2
1 Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
2Alpharma Inc., One Executive Drive, Fort Lee, NJ 07024, USA
Waldroup@uark.edu
Abstract:
A study was conducted with broiler feed medicated with bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) to determine if the addition of lignin sulfonate pellet-binding agents affects the assay of active concentration of BMD in pelleted feed. This study also examined the stability of BMD in the presence of these pellet-binding agents in pelleted feed over extended storage. Diets were mixed that contained 27.5 mg/kg of BMD. Diet 1 did not contain a pellet binder. Diet 2 contained 1.25% Ameri-Bond 2x, and Diet 3 contained 0.6% Pel-Stik. Mash and pelleted samples of each diet were assayed for loss on drying (LOD) and BMD level during week 0. Pelleted samples were stored at ambient temperature (25 oC) and ambient humidity, or elevated temperature (37 oC) and ambient humidity. Samples stored at 25 oC were assayed during weeks 2, 4, 7, 10, and 13, and those stored at 37 oC were assayed during weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 for LOD and BMD levels. Assay results from week 0 in both mash and pelleted feeds demonstrated the non-interference of the pellet binders with the assay of BMD. The BMD assay results of feeds stored at 25 and 37 oC demonstrated that these pellet binders do not affect the stability of BMD in feed.
Key words: Antibiotics, stability, pellet binders, interference
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International Journal of Poultry Science 1 (1-3): 16-21, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Evaluation of Lysine, Methionine and Threonine Needs of Broilers Three to Six Week of Age
under Moderate Temperature Stress
C. P. Ojano-Dirain and P. W. Waldroup*
Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Email: Waldroup@uark.edu
Abstract:
Information on amino acid requirements of broilers raised under warm environments is very limited. Two studies of identical design were conducted to evaluate Lys, Met and Thr needs of 3 to 6 week-old male broilers held in battery pens at 26.7 oC. A basal diet was supplemented with amino acids in a 4 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement with Lys levels of 1.03, 1.08, 1.12, and 1.16%, Met levels of 0.38, 0.44, and 0.50%, and Thr levels of 0.78 and 0.87%. Feed consumption, body weight (BW) gain and carcass yield were determined. Lys levels had no significant effect on 21 to 42 d BW gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), or dressing percentage (DP). Increasing Lys levels from 1.03 to 1.12% significantly (P < 0.05) improved breast yield (BY) and reduced abdominal fat. Increasing Met to 0.44% resulted in significant improvements in BW gain, FCR, DP, BY, and a numerical (P=0.08) reduction in AF. Threonine levels used in this study had no significant effect on any parameter. There was a significant interaction of Lys and Thr on breast yield; however it followed no consistent trend. These results suggest that under moderate heat stress, the present levels of Lys and Met suggested by NRC may be inadequate for maximum live performance or breast meat yield; however, suggested levels of Thr appear to be adequate for this age period.
Key words: Amino acids, broilers, temperature, heat stress
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International Journal of Poultry Science 1(1-3): 22-25, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Effect of Intermittent Feed Deprivation on Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I
and Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Broiler Chicks
K. D. Roberson, C. H. Hill and P. R. Ferket
Department of Poultry Science, Box 7608, North Carolina State University,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7608, USA
E-mail: robers22@msu.edu
Abstract:
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary manipulation of growth rate and the subsequent incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broiler chicks. A corn-soybean meal diet which contained 1.15 % calcium and approximately 0.6 % available phosphorus (aP) was fed. In Experiment 1, birds were fed ad libitum or deprived of feed for 8 h during the night either three times per week on Monday, Wednesday and Friday or twice a week on Monday and Friday starting at d 5. In the second experiment, birds were full fed vs depriving feed for 8 h during the day every third day beginning at d 6. Feed deprivation decreased 20-d BW only in Experiment 1 when feed was deprived three times per week. Gain:feed was decreased in both experiments when the birds were restricted fed. The incidence of TD was decreased by 25 to 33 % and the number of severe TD lesions was decreased by 50 to 80 % when feeding time was restricted. Bone ash was not affected in Experiment 1, but was increased in Experiment 2 by feed deprivation. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was decreased by feed deprivation, and returned to control levels after feed was returned. The results indicate that feed deprivation for eight hours at various daily intervals will attenuate the incidence of TD in birds fed a Ca:aP ratio of 2:1. This may be related to temporary reductions in circulating levels of IGF-I.
Key Words: Broiler, feed deprivation, insulin-like growth factor-I, tibial dyschondroplasia
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International Journal of Poultry Science 1 (1-3) : 26-28, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Effect of Feeding Gliricidia Sepium Leaf Meal on the Performance and
Egg Quality of Layers
A.A Odunsi, M.O. Ogunleke, O. S. Alagbe and T.O Ajani
Department of Animal Production and Health, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology,
P.M.B 4000, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
Abstract:
A feeding trial was conducted to study the nutritive value of sun-dried gliricidia leaf meal (GLM) using 72 laying hens. The birds were allotted to four dietary treatments containing 0, 5, 10, and 15%GLM respectively in a completely randomized design; each treatment was replicated three times. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The inclusion of GLM in layer diets significantly (p<0.05) reduced feed consumption in a linear fashion. Layers fed 0 and 5%GLM had similar (p>0.05) hen day egg production, body weight changes and feed conversion efficiency which worsened significantly at 10 and 15%GLM levels. Egg quality values showed no significant differences (p>0.05) in terms of egg weight, Haugh unit and shell thickness while yolk index increased (p<0.05) with GLM and was found to be best at 10 and 15% GLM. Yolk colour was positively enhanced at all levels of GLM. Proportionally, egg membrane values were lower (p<0.05) on GLM diets compared to the control while the egg yolk, albumen and shell were not affected. Boiling of egg resulted in lighter yolk and albumen but heavier shell and membrane with a 43% reduction (p<0.05) in egg yolk colouration. At dietary levels >5%, GLM depressed feed intake and egg production.
Key words: Gliricidia leaf meal, layers, performance, egg quality, yolk colour
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International Journal of Poultry Science 1 (1-3): 29-34, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information 2002
Azolla (Azolla pinnata) as a Feed Ingredient in Broiler Ration
1Biplob Basak, 1Md. Ahsan Habib Pramanik, 1Muhammad Siddiqur Rahman,
2Sharif Uddin Tarafdar and 1Bimol Chandra Roy
1 Department of Poultry Science, 2 Department of Dairy Science,
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Abstract:
An experiment was conducted with 120 seven days old Vencobb commercial broiler chicks and continued up to 42 days of age to determine the feasibility of Azolla (Azolla pinnata) as a feed ingredient in broiler ration. The broilers are randomly allotted to four dietary treatments; T1 (control diet without Azolla meal), T2 (diet with 5% Azolla meal), T3 (diet with 10% Azolla meal) and T4 (diet with 15% Azolla meal) diets replacing sesame meal by Azolla meal. The composition of Azolla meal contained 25.78% crude protein, 15.71% crude fibre, 3.47% ether extract, 15.76% ash and 30.08% nitrogen free extract on the air-dry basis. Live weight, production number and protein efficiency were (P< 0.01) significantly improved at the level off 5% Azolla meal in broiler ration. Feed conversion ratio and energy efficiency were significantly (P< 0.01) improved in diet with 5% Azolla meal and control diet. Total cost Tk/kg broiler was significantly (P<0.05) better in the diet with 5% Azolla meal. Dressing percentage was significantly (P<0.01) increased on diet with 5% Azolla meal. Giblet percentage on dietary treatment T4 significantly (P<0.05) increased than other treatments. It can be conducted that use of Azolla meal up to 5% in the broiler ration found to improve performance and may be used in broiler diet as a safe level. Azolla meal had no deleterious effect on the palatability of broiler diets.
Key words: Azolla meal, composition of Azolla, broiler, body weight, protein and energy efficiency and dressing percent
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International Journal of Poultry Science 1 (1-3) : 35-39, 2002
© Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2002
Effect of Feeding Low Protein Diets on the Performance of
Broiler During Hot-Humid Season
1Muhammad Siddiqur Rahman, 1Md. Ahsan Habib Pramanik, 1 Biplob Basak,
2Sharif Uddin Tarafdar, and 1Sanjib Kumar Biswas
1 Department of Poultry Science, 2 Department of Dairy Science
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Abstract:
An experiment was conducted with 180 randomly selected 7th day old ISA I 757 chicks at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Four different treatments were considered containing 23, 21, 19, and 17% crude protein respectively. Body weights varied significantly (P<0.01) at 8 weeks of age were 1396.03, 1358.01, 1270.26 and 1175.95 g. Feed conversion ratio also varied (P<0.01) at the end of the experimental period which were 2.34, 2.44, 2.67 and 2.89 for T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Feed consumption, survivability and dressing percent did not vary significantly all over the experimental period. Considering the above result, it may be concluded that 21% crude protein in the diet may be suitable for hot-humid season.
Key words: Low protein diet, hot-humid season, broiler, body weight and FCR
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